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Ka nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tse bonolo tsa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le lits'ebetso tsa biomedical, sebopeho se felletseng sa thepa ea bona ea 'mele le ea mochini ke ea bohlokoa ebile e thata.Mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation o ile oa sebelisoa ho tšoaea modulus e tlase haholo ea sebaka se secha sa lehfilcon A biomimetic silicone hydrogel contact lens e koahetsoeng ka lera la makala a brashi a polymer.Mokhoa ona o lumella boikemisetso bo nepahetseng ba lintlha tsa ho kopana ntle le liphello tsa viscous extrusion ha u atamela li-polymers tsa branched.Ho phaella moo, e etsa hore ho khonehe ho tseba litšobotsi tsa mochine oa likarolo tsa brush ka bomong ntle le phello ea poroelasticity.Sena se finyelloa ka ho khetha probe ea AFM e nang le moralo (boholo ba ntlha, geometry le sekhahla sa selemo) se loketseng ka ho khetheha bakeng sa ho metha thepa ea thepa e bonolo le disampole tsa baeloji.Mokhoa ona o ntlafatsa kutloisiso le ho nepahala ha tekanyo e nepahetseng ea lehfilcon A, e nang le modulus e tlase haholo ea elasticity holim'a sebaka sa metsi (ho fihlela ho 2 kPa) le elasticity e phahameng haholo ka hare (hoo e ka bang 100%) tikolohong ea metsi. .Liphello tsa thuto ea holim'a metsi ha lia ka tsa senola feela lisebelisoa tsa ultra-soft holim'a lense ea lehfilcon A, empa hape li bontšitse hore modulus ea brushed polymer brushed e ne e tšoana le ea silicon-hydrogen substrate.Mokhoa ona oa sebopeho sa sefahleho o ka sebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tse ling tse bonolo haholo le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
Thepa ea mechine ea thepa e etselitsoeng ho kopana ka ho toba le lisele tse phelang hangata e khethoa ke tikoloho ea likokoana-hloko.Papali e phethahetseng ea thepa ena ea thepa e thusa ho finyella litšobotsi tsa kliniki tse lakatsehang tsa thepa ntle le ho baka likarabo tse mpe tsa cellular1,2,3.Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa homogeneous, sebopeho sa thepa ea mochini e batla e le bonolo ka lebaka la boteng ba lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng le mekhoa ea liteko (mohlala, microindentation4,5,6).Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse bonolo haholo tse kang li-gel, li-hydrogel, li-biopolymers, lisele tse phelang, joalo-joalo, mekhoa ena ea liteko hangata ha e sebetse ka lebaka la mefokolo ea tharollo ea litekanyo le inhomogeneity ea lisebelisoa tse ling7.Ho theosa le lilemo, mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho indentation e fetotsoe le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho khetholla mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tse bonolo, empa mekhoa e mengata e ntse e na le mefokolo e tebileng e fokotsang tšebeliso ea bona8,9,10,11,12,13.Ho haella ha mekhoa e khethehileng ea tlhahlobo e ka bonts'ang ka nepo le ka ts'epahalo thepa ea mochini oa lisebelisoa tsa supersoft le likarolo tsa bokaholimo ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea tsona lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng.
Mosebetsing oa rona o fetileng, re hlahisitse lense ea puisano ea lehfilcon A (CL), sesebelisoa se bonolo sa heterogeneous se nang le lisebelisoa tsohle tse bonojoana tse tsoang ho meralo e ka bang teng ea biomimetic e bululetsoeng ke bokaholimo ba cornea ea leihlo.Biomaterial ena e ile ea ntlafatsoa ka ho hlomathiseletsoa lera la polymer le nang le branched, cross-linked polymer (2-methacryloyloxyethylphosphorylcholine (MPC)) (PMPC) holim'a silicone hydrogel (SiHy) 15 e etselitsoeng lisebelisoa tsa bongaka tse thehiloeng ho.Ts'ebetso ena ea ho hlomathisa e etsa lera holim'a bokaholimo bo nang le sebopeho sa borashe sa polymeric se bonolo haholo ebile se otlolohile haholo.Mosebetsi oa rona o fetileng o tiisitse hore sebopeho sa biomimetic sa lehfilcon A CL se fana ka thepa e phahameng ea holim'a metsi e kang ho ntlafatsa ho kolobisa le ho thibela litšila, ho eketsa lubricity, le ho fokotsa sele le ho khomarela baktheria15,16.Ho feta moo, tšebeliso le nts'etsopele ea thepa ena ea biomimetic e boetse e fana ka maikutlo a katoloso e eketsehileng ho lisebelisoa tse ling tsa biomedical.Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho khetholla thepa e ka holimo ea thepa ena e bonolo haholo le ho utloisisa ho sebelisana ha eona ka mochine le leihlo e le hore ho thehoe motheo oa tsebo ea ho tšehetsa tsoelo-pele le likopo tsa nakong e tlang.Lilense tse ngata tse fumanehang khoebong tsa SiHy li entsoe ka motsoako oa homogeneous oa hydrophilic le hydrophobic polymers tse etsang sebopeho sa thepa e ts'oanang17.Ho entsoe lithuto tse 'maloa ho lekola thepa ea bona ea mochini ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea compression ea setso, tensile le microindentation18,19,20,21.Leha ho le joalo, moqapi oa "biomimetic" oa "lehfilcon A CL" o etsa hore e be thepa e ikhethang ea mefuta-futa eo ho eona thepa ea mechine ea mehaho ea brushed polymer brushed e fapane haholo le ea SiHy base substrate.Ka hona, ho thata haholo ho lekanya thepa ena ka nepo ho sebelisa mekhoa e tloaelehileng le ea ho indentation.Mokhoa o ts'episang o sebelisa mokhoa oa tlhahlobo ea nanoindentation o kentsoeng ho atomic force microscopy (AFM), mokhoa o sebelisitsoeng ho fumana thepa ea mochini oa lisebelisoa tse bonolo tsa viscoelastic joalo ka lisele tsa baeloji le lisele, hammoho le li-polymers tse bonolo22,23,24,25 .,26,27,28,29,30.Ho AFM nanoindentation, metheo ea tlhahlobo ea nanoindentation e kopantsoe le tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao ea theknoloji ea AFM ho fana ka kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea tekanyo le tlhahlobo ea lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaho tsa supersoft31,32,33,34,35,36.Ho feta moo, theknoloji e fana ka melemo e meng ea bohlokoa ka tšebeliso ea lijeometri tse fapaneng.indenter le probe le monyetla oa ho etsa liteko mecheng ea litaba e fapaneng ea metsi.
AFM nanoindentation e ka aroloa ka maemo ka likarolo tse tharo tse kholo: (1) lisebelisoa (li-sensor, detectors, probes, joalo-joalo);(2) litekanyo tsa tekanyo (tse kang matla, phalliso, lebelo, boholo ba tsela, joalo-joalo);(3) Ts'ebetso ea data (tokiso ea mantlha, khakanyo ea lintlha, ho lokisoa ha data, mohlala, joalo-joalo).Bothata bo boholo ka mokhoa ona ke hore liphuputso tse 'maloa libukeng tse sebelisang AFM nanoindentation li tlaleha liphetho tse fapaneng haholo tsa palo ea sampuli e tšoanang / sele / thepa ea mofuta37,38,39,40,41.Ka mohlala, Lekka et al.Tšusumetso ea AFM probe geometry ho modulus e lekantsoeng ea Young ea lisampole tsa hydrogel tse nang le mochini o fapaneng le lisele tse fapaneng li ile tsa ithutoa le ho bapisoa.Ba tlaleha hore boleng ba modulus bo itšetlehile haholo ka khetho ea cantilever le sebopeho sa ntlha, ka boleng bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa probe e nang le sebopeho sa piramite le boleng bo tlase ba 42 bakeng sa probe e chitja.Ka ho tšoanang, Selhuber-Unkel et al.Ho bontšitsoe kamoo lebelo la indenter, boholo ba indenter le botenya ba lisampole tsa polyacrylamide (PAAM) li amang modulus ea Young e lekantsoeng ka ACM43 nanoindentation.Ntho e 'ngoe e thatafatsang ke khaello ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse tlase haholo tsa modulus le mekhoa ea mahala ea liteko.Sena se etsa hore ho be thata haholo ho fumana liphetho tse nepahetseng ka kholiseho.Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o molemo haholo bakeng sa litekanyo tse lekanyelitsoeng le litlhahlobo tse bapisoang pakeng tsa mefuta e tšoanang ea mehlala, ka mohlala ho sebelisa AFM nanoindentation ho khetholla lisele tse tloaelehileng ho tloha lisele tsa kankere 44, 45.
Ha u etsa liteko tsa thepa e bonolo ka AFM nanoindentation, molao o akaretsang ke ho sebelisa probe e nang le "low spring constant" (k) e ts'oanang hantle le mohlala oa modulus le ntlha ea hemispherical / chitja e le hore phuputso ea pele e se ke ea phunya libaka tsa mohlala holim'a. ho kopana ha pele ka lisebelisoa tse bonolo.Hape ke habohlokoa hore lets'oao la ho kheloha le hlahisoang ke probe le be le matla ka ho lekaneng hore le ka bonoa ke "laser detector system24,34,46,47".Tabeng ea li-ultra-soft heterogeneous cells, li-tissue le li-gel, phephetso e 'ngoe ke ho hlōla matla a sekhomaretsi pakeng tsa probe le sebaka sa sampuli ho etsa bonnete ba hore litekanyo tsa ho ikatisa le tse ka tšeptjoang48,49,50.Ho fihlela morao tjena, boholo ba mosebetsi oa AFM nanoindentation o tsepamisitse maikutlo thutong ea boitšoaro ba mochine oa lisele tsa likokoana-hloko, li-tissue, li-gel, li-hydrogel, le li-biomolecules li sebelisa li-probes tse batlang li le seholohali, tse atisang ho bitsoa colloidal probes (CPs)., 47, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55. Malebela ana a na le radius ea 1 ho 50 µm 'me hangata a entsoe ka khalase ea borosilicate, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), silicon dioxide (SiO2) le diamond- joalo ka khabone (DLC) .Leha nanoindentation ea CP-AFM hangata e le khetho ea pele bakeng sa sebopeho sa sampole e bonolo, e na le mathata le mefokolo ea eona.Tšebeliso ea malebela a chitja a maholo, a boholo ba micron e eketsa sebaka sa ho ikopanya le ntlha ka sampole mme e baka tahlehelo e kholo ea tharollo ea sebaka.Bakeng sa mehlala e bonolo, e sa tsitsang, moo thepa ea mechine ea likarolo tsa sebaka seo e ka 'nang ea fapana haholo ho tloha ka karolelano sebakeng se pharaletseng, CP indentation e ka pata inhomogeneity leha e le efe ea thepa ka tekanyo ea sebaka52.Li-colloidal probes hangata li etsoa ka ho hokela li-colloidal spheres tse boholo ba micron ho li-cantilever tse se nang lithapo li sebelisa likhomaretsi tsa epoxy.Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ka boeona e tletse mathata a mangata 'me e ka lebisa ho se lumellaneng le mokhoa oa ho lekanya lipatlisiso.Ho phaella moo, boholo le boima ba likaroloana tsa colloidal li ama ka ho toba litekanyetso tse kholo tsa calibration tsa cantilever, tse kang maqhubu a resonant, ho tiea ha selemo, le sensitivity sensitivity56,57,58.Ka hona, mekhoa e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse tloaelehileng tsa AFM, tse kang ho lekanya mocheso, li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa fana ka tekanyo e nepahetseng bakeng sa CP,' me mekhoa e meng e ka 'na ea hlokoa ho etsa litokiso tsena57, 59, 60, 61. Liteko tse tloaelehileng tsa CP li sebelisa ho kheloha ho hoholo ho cantilever ho ithuta ka thepa ea lisampole tse bonolo, tse bakang bothata bo bong ha ho lekoa boitšoaro bo sa tsitsang ba cantilever ka liphapang tse batlang li le kholo62,63,64.Mekhoa ea morao-rao ea li-colloidal probe indentation hangata e nahanela geometry ea cantilever e sebelisetsoang ho lekanya probe, empa e hlokomoloha tšusumetso ea likaroloana tsa colloidal, tse bakang ho hloka botsitso ho eketsehileng ka ho nepahala ha mokhoa38,61.Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, moduli ea elastic e baloang ka mokhoa oa ho ikopanya le mokhoa oa ho kopana o itšetlehile ka ho toba ho geometry ea probe ea indentation, 'me ho se lumellane pakeng tsa lintlha le litšoaneleho tsa holim'a sampole ho ka lebisa ho se nepahaleng27, 65, 66, 67, 68. Mosebetsi o mong oa morao tjena oa Spencer et al.Lintlha tse lokelang ho tsotelloa ha ho tšoauoa borashe ba polymer bo bonolo ho sebelisa mokhoa oa CP-AFM nanoindentation li totobatsoa.Ba tlaleha hore ho bolokoa ha mokelikeli oa viscous ka borashe ba polymer e le mosebetsi oa lebelo ho fella ka ho eketseha ha hlooho ea hlooho 'me kahoo litekanyo tse fapaneng tsa thepa e itšetlehileng ka lebelo30,69,70,71.
Thutong ena, re bonts'itse sebopeho sa bokaholimo ba lehfilcon A CL ea ultra-soft haholo e sebelisang mokhoa o fetotsoeng oa AFM nanoindentation.Ho fanoe ka thepa le sebopeho se secha sa thepa ena, mefuta e mengata ea kutloisiso ea mokhoa oa setso oa ho indentation ka ho hlaka ha e lekane ho tsebahatsa modulus ea thepa ena e bonolo haholo, kahoo hoa hlokahala ho sebelisa mokhoa oa AFM oa nanoindentation ka kutloisiso e phahameng le kutloisiso e tlaase.boemo.Ka mor'a ho hlahloba mefokolo le mathata a mekhoa e teng ea colloidal AFM probe nanoindentation, re bontša hore na ke hobane'ng ha re khethile tlhahlobo e nyenyane, e entsoeng ka tloaelo ea AFM ho felisa kutlo, lerata la morao, ntlha ea ho kopana, lekanya lebelo la modulus ea lisebelisoa tse bonolo tse fapaneng tse kang ho boloka metsi. ho itšetleha.le quantification e nepahetseng.Ntle le moo, re khonne ho lekanya ka nepo sebopeho le litekanyo tsa ntlha ea indentation, ho re lumella ho sebelisa mohlala oa cone-sphere fit ho fumana modulus ea elasticity ntle le ho lekola sebaka sa ho ikopanya sa ntlha le thepa.Likhopolo tse peli tse hlakileng tse lekantsoeng mosebetsing ona ke thepa ea thepa e otlolohileng ka botlalo le modulus e ikemetseng ea botebo.Re sebelisa mokhoa ona, re ile ra qala ho leka litekanyetso tse bonojoana ka mokhoa o tsebahalang oa ho lekanya mokhoa ona, ebe re sebelisa mokhoa ona ho tšoaea bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa tse peli tse fapaneng tsa lense tsa ho ikopanya.Mokhoa ona oa ho khetholla libaka tsa nanoindentation tsa AFM tse nang le kutlo e ntseng e eketseha ho lebeletsoe hore li sebelisoe ho mefuta e mengata ea lisebelisoa tsa biomimetic heterogeneous ultrasoft tse ka sebelisoang lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le lits'ebetso tsa biomedical.
Lilense tsa Lehfilcon A (Alcon, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) le likaroloana tsa tsona tsa silicone hydrogel li ile tsa khethoa bakeng sa liteko tsa nanoindentation.Ho ile ha sebelisoa lense e entsoeng ka mokhoa o khethehileng tekong.Ho kenya lense bakeng sa tlhahlobo, e ne e behiloe ka hloko holim'a sethala se bōpehileng joaloka dome, ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na li-bubble tsa moea tse kenang ka hare, ebe li tsitsisoa ka mathōko.Sekoti se kaholimo ho sets'oants'o sa lense se fana ka phihlello ea setsi sa mahlo sa lense bakeng sa liteko tsa nanoindentation ha u ntse u tšoere mokelikeli sebakeng.Sena se boloka lilense li na le metsi ka botlalo.500 μl ea tharollo ea sephutheloana sa lense e sebelisitsoeng e le tharollo ea liteko.Ho netefatsa liphetho tsa palo, li-hydrogel tse fumanehang khoebong tse sa sebetseng tsa polyacrylamide (PAAM) li ile tsa lokisoa ho tsoa ho polyacrylamide-co-methylene-bisacrylamide sebopeho (100 mm Petrisoft Petri lijana, Matrigen, Irvine, CA, USA), modulus e tsebahalang ea 1. kPa.Sebelisa marotholi a 4-5 (hoo e ka bang 125 µl) a phosphate buffered saline (PBS ho tloha Corning Life Sciences, Tewkesbury, MA, USA) le lerotholi le le leng la OPTI-FREE Puremoist contact lens solution (Alcon, Vaud, TX, USA).) ho AFM hydrogel-probe interface.
Mehlala ea li-substrates tsa Lehfilcon A CL le SiHy li ile tsa bonoa ho sebelisoa mochine oa FEI Quanta 250 Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FEG SEM) o nang le mochine oa ho hlahloba o bitsoang Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM).Ho lokisa lisampole, lilense li ne li hlatsuoa pele ka metsi ebe li khaola likotoana tse bōpehileng joaloka pie.E le ho finyella phapang e fapaneng pakeng tsa likarolo tsa hydrophilic le hydrophobic tsa sampuli, tharollo ea 0.10% e tsitsitseng ea RuO4 e ne e sebelisoa e le dae, moo mehlala e ileng ea qoelisoa ka 30 min.Lehfilcon A CL RuO4 staining ke ea bohlokoa eseng feela ho finyella phapang e ntlafetseng, empa hape e thusa ho boloka sebopeho sa li-brashi tsa polymer tse nang le branched ka mokhoa oa tsona oa pele, tse hlahang litšoantšong tsa STEM.Ka mor'a moo li ile tsa hlatsuoa 'me tsa felloa ke metsi ka letoto la metsoako ea ethanol / metsi ka ho eketseha ha ethanol.Mehlala e ile ea etsoa ka EMBed 812/Araldite epoxy, e ileng ea fola bosiu bo le bong ho 70 ° C.Mehlala ea li-blocks tse fumanoeng ke resin polymerization li ile tsa khaoloa ka ultramicrotome, 'me likarolo tse tšesaane tse hlahisitsoeng li ile tsa bonoa ka mochine oa STEM ka mokhoa o tlaase oa vacuum ka lebelo le potlakileng la 30 kV.Mokhoa o tšoanang oa SEM o ile oa sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhaloso e qaqileng ea lipatlisiso tsa PFQNM-LC-A-CAL AFM (Bruker Nano, Santa Barbara, CA, USA).Litšoantšo tsa SEM tsa probe ea AFM li ile tsa fumanoa ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa vacuum o phahameng o nang le motlakase o potlakileng oa 30 kV.Fumana litšoantšo ka li-angles tse fapaneng le ho holisa ho hatisa lintlha tsohle tsa sebopeho le boholo ba ntlha ea lipatlisiso tsa AFM.Litlhahiso tsohle tsa thahasello litšoantšong li lekantsoe ka mokhoa oa digital.
A Dimension FastScan Bio Icon ea atomic force microscope (Bruker Nano, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) e nang le "PeakForce QNM in Fluid" mode e ile ea sebelisoa ho bona le nanoindentate lehfilcon A CL, SiHy substrate, le PAAm hydrogel disampole.Bakeng sa liteko tsa ho nka litšoantšo, ho ile ha sebelisoa PEAKFORCE-HIRS-FA probe (Bruker) e nang le sebaka sa marang-rang sa 1 nm ho nka litšoantšo tse phahameng tsa sampole ka sekhahla sa 0.50 Hz.Litšoantšo tsohle li nkiloe ka tharollo e nang le metsi.
Liteko tsa nanoindentation tsa AFM li entsoe ho sebelisoa PFQNM-LC-A-CAL probe (Bruker).AFM probe e na le ntlha ea silicon holim'a nitride cantilever 345 nm thick, 54 µm bolelele le 4.5 µm bophara le maqhubu a resonant a 45 kHz.E etselitsoe ka ho khetheha ho tšoaea le ho etsa litekanyo tsa nanomechanical tse ngata ho lisampole tse bonolo tsa baeloji.Li-sensor li lekantsoe ka bonngoe fekthering ka li-setting tsa selemo tse lekantsoeng pele.Likarolo tsa selemo tsa li-probes tse sebelisitsoeng thutong ena li ne li le ka har'a 0.05-0.1 N / m.Ho tseba hantle sebopeho le boholo ba ntlha, probe e ne e khetholloa ka botlalo ho sebelisa SEM.Ka feiga.Setšoantšo sa 1a se bonts'a qeto e phahameng, e tlase e lekola electron micrograph ea probe ea PFQNM-LC-A-CAL, e fanang ka pono e akaretsang ea moralo oa lipatlisiso.Ka feiga.1b e bonts'a pono e atolositsoeng ea bokaholimo ba ntlha ea probe, e fana ka leseli mabapi le sebopeho le boholo ba ntlha.Qetellong e feteletseng, nale ke hemisphere e ka bang 140 nm bophara (setšoantšo sa 1c).Ka tlase ho sena, ntlha e kenella ka sebopeho sa conical, ho fihlela bolelele bo lekantsoeng ba hoo e ka bang 500 nm.Ka ntle ho sebaka sa tapering, ntlha e cylindrical 'me e fella ka bolelele ba ntlha ea 1.18 µm.Ena ke karolo e ka sehloohong e sebetsang ea ntlha ea probe.Ho feta moo, probe e kholo ea spherical polystyrene (PS) (Novascan Technologies, Inc., Boone, Iowa, USA) e bophara ba ntlha ea 45 µm le selemo sa selemo sa 2 N/m le eona e ile ea sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo e le colloidal probe.e nang le lipatlisiso tsa PFQNM-LC-A-CAL 140 nm bakeng sa papiso.
Ho tlalehiloe hore mokelikeli o ka ts'oaroa lipakeng tsa probe ea AFM le sebopeho sa borashe sa polymer nakong ea nanoindentation, e tla fana ka matla a holimo ho probe ea AFM pele e ama bokaholimo69.Phello ena ea viscous extrusion ka lebaka la ho boloka mokelikeli e ka fetola sebaka se bonahalang seo motho a kopanang le sona, kahoo a ama litekanyo tsa holim'a modulus.Ho ithuta phello ea jiometry ea probe le lebelo la ho indentation mabapi le ho boloka mokelikeli, li-curve tsa matla a ho indentation li ile tsa reriloe bakeng sa lisampole tsa lehfilcon A CL ho sebelisoa probe ea bophara ba 140 nm ka litekanyetso tse sa khaotseng tsa ho falla tsa 1 µm/s le 2 µm/s.probe bophara 45 µm, matla a tsitsitseng a beha 6 nN e fihlelletsoeng ho 1 µm/s.Liteko tse nang le probe 140 nm bophara li ile tsa etsoa ka lebelo la ho indentation la 1 µm/s le matla a behiloeng a 300 pN, a khethiloeng ho theha khatello ea ho kopana ka har'a mefuta ea fisioloji (1–8 kPa) ea leihlo le ka holimo.khatello ea 72. Lisebelisoa tse bonolo tse entsoeng ka mokhoa o bonolo tsa PAA hydrogel tse nang le khatello ea 1 kPa li ile tsa lekoa bakeng sa matla a indentation a 50 pN ka lebelo la 1 μm / s ho sebelisa probe e nang le bophara ba 140 nm.
Kaha bolelele ba karolo e kholo ea ntlha ea phuputso ea PFQNM-LC-A-CAL e ka ba 500 nm, bakeng sa botebo bofe kapa bofe ba indentation <500 nm ho ka nahanoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng hore geometry ea probe nakong ea indentation e tla lula e le 'nete ho eona. sebopeho sa khoune.Ntle le moo, ho nahanoa hore bokaholimo ba thepa e tlas'a teko bo tla bonts'a karabelo e fetohang, e tla netefatsoa le likarolong tse latelang.Ka hona, ho itšetlehile ka sebōpeho le boholo ba ntlha, re ile ra khetha mohlala o loketseng oa "cone-sphere" o entsoeng ke Briscoe, Sebastian le Adams, o fumanehang ho software ea morekisi, ho sebetsana le liteko tsa rona tsa AFM nanoindentation (NanoScope).Software ea karohano ea tlhahlobo ea data, Bruker) 73. Mohlala o hlalosa kamano ea ho falla ka matla F(δ) bakeng sa khoune e nang le sekoli se chitja.Ka feiga.Setšoantšo sa 2 se bonts'a geometry ea ho kopana nakong ea tšebelisano ea khoune e thata e nang le ntlha e chitja, moo R e leng radius ea ntlha e chitja, a ke sebaka sa ho kopana, b ke sebaka sa ho kopana qetellong ea ntlha e chitja, δ ke radio radius.botebo ba ho indentation, θ ke halofo ea angle ea khoune.Setšoantšo sa SEM sa probe ena se bontša ka ho hlaka hore ntlha ea spherical ea bophara ba 140 nm e kopana ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng ho khoune, kahoo mona b e hlalosoa feela ka R, ke hore b = R cos θ.Software e fanoeng ke morekisi e fana ka kamano ea cone-sphere ho bala boleng ba modulus ea Young (E) ho tsoa ho data ea karohano ea matla ho nka a > b.Kamano:
moo F e leng matla a indentation, E ke modulus oa Mocha, ν ke karolelano ea Poisson.Sebaka sa marang-rang se ka hakanngoa ka ho sebelisa:
Sekema sa geometry ea khokahano ea khoune e thata e nang le ntlha e chitja e hatelletsoeng ka har'a lisebelisoa tsa lense ea Lefilcon e nang le bokaholimo ba borashe ba polymer ea makala.
Haeba ≤ b, kamano e fokotsa ho equation bakeng sa indenter e tloaelehileng ea spherical;
Re lumela hore tšebelisano ea probe e indenteng le sebopeho sa makala sa borashe ba polima ea PMPC e tla etsa hore sebaka sa khokahanyo se be seholo ho feta spherical contact radius b.Ka hona, bakeng sa litekanyo tsohle tsa palo ea modulus ea elastic e entsoeng thutong ena, re sebelisitse ho itšetleha ho fumanoeng bakeng sa nyeoe ea a > b.
Lisebelisoa tsa ultrasoft biomimetic tse ithutoang thutong ena li ne li tšoantšoa ka mokhoa o pharaletseng ho sebelisoa microscope transmission electron microscopy (STEM) ea karolo ea sefapano sa sampole le atomic force microscopy (AFM) ea bokaholimo.Tlhaloso ena e qaqileng ea holim'a metsi e ile ea etsoa e le katoloso ea mosebetsi oa rona o hatisitsoeng pele, moo re ileng ra etsa qeto ea hore sebopeho sa brushed polymeric brushed ea PMPC-modified lehfilcon A CL surface e bonts'a thepa e ts'oanang ea mochine ho mahlahahlaha a cornea 14.Ka lebaka lena, re bua ka libaka tsa lense tsa ho ikopanya e le lisebelisoa tsa biomimetic14.Ka feiga.3a,b e bonts'a likarolo tse fapaneng tsa likarolo tsa brashi ea polymer ea branched PMPC holim'a karoloana ea lehfilcon A CL le karoloana e sa phekoloang ea SiHy, ka ho latellana.Libaka tsa mehlala ka bobeli li ile tsa hlahlojoa ka ho eketsehileng ho sebelisa litšoantšo tse phahameng tsa AFM, tse ileng tsa tiisa ka ho eketsehileng liphello tsa tlhahlobo ea STEM (Fig. 3c, d).Ha li kopane, litšoantšo tsena li fana ka bolelele bo lekantsoeng ba PMPC branched polymer brush structure at 300–400 nm, e leng bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlalosa litekanyo tsa nanoindentation tsa AFM.Tlhokomeliso e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e nkiloeng litšoantšong ke hore sebopeho sa kakaretso sa holim'a lisebelisoa tsa CL biomimetic se fapane le sa SiHy substrate.Phapang ena ho morphology ea bona ea bokaholimo e ka bonahala nakong ea tšebelisano ea bona ea mochini le phuputso e kenang ea AFM mme kamora moo ho litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa modulus.
Litšoantšo tse fapaneng tsa STEM tsa (a) lehfilcon A CL le (b) SiHy substrate.Scale bar, 500 nm.AFM litšoantšo tsa bokaholimo ba lehfilcon A CL substrate (c) le motheo oa SiHy substrate (d) (3 µm × 3 µm).
Li-polymers tsa Bioinspired le meaho ea borashe ea polima li bonolo ka tlhaho 'me li ithutoe haholo le ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa biomedical74,75,76,77.Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho sebelisa mokhoa oa AFM nanoindentation, o ka khonang ho lekanya ka nepo le ka botšepehi thepa ea bona ea mechine.Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, thepa e ikhethang ea lisebelisoa tsena tse bonolo haholo, tse kang modulus e tlase haholo, metsi a mangata le elasticity e phahameng, hangata e etsa hore ho be thata ho khetha thepa e nepahetseng, sebopeho le sebopeho sa probe e kenang.boholo.Sena ke sa bohlokoa e le hore indenter e se ke ea phunya bokaholimo bo bonolo ba sampuli, e leng se ka lebisang liphosong tsa ho khetholla ntlha ea ho kopana le bokaholimo le sebaka seo u ka kopanang le sona.
Bakeng sa sena, kutloisiso e pharaletseng ea morphology ea lisebelisoa tsa ultra-soft biomimetic (lehfilcon A CL) ke ea bohlokoa.Tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le boholo le sebopeho sa li-brashi tsa polymer tse nang le branched tse fumanoeng ka mokhoa oa ho nka litšoantšo li fana ka motheo oa sebopeho sa mochine oa holim'a metsi ho sebelisa mekhoa ea nanoindentation ea AFM.Sebakeng sa li-micron-size spherical colloidal probes, re ile ra khetha PFQNM-LC-A-CAL silicon nitride probe (Bruker) e nang le ntlha ea bophara ba 140 nm, e etselitsoeng 'mapa oa bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa disampole tsa tlhaho 78, 79, 80. , 81, 82, 83, 84 Sepheo sa ho sebelisa li-probes tse batlang li le bohale ha li bapisoa le li-colloidal probes tse tloaelehileng li ka hlalosoa ke likarolo tsa sebopeho sa thepa.Ha ho bapisoa boholo ba ntlha ea probe (~ 140 nm) le borashe ba polymer ea branched holim'a CL lehfilcon A, e bontšitsoeng setšoantšong sa 3a, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore ntlha e kholo hoo e ka kopanang ka ho toba le mekhoa ena ea borashe, e fokotsa monyetla oa hore ntlha e phunyeletse ka tsona.Ho hlakisa ntlha ena, setšoantšong sa 4 ke setšoantšo sa STEM sa lehfilcon A CL le ntlha e kenang ea probe ea AFM (e huleloang ho isa tekanyong).
Sets'oants'o sa STEM sa lehfilcon A CL le ACM indentation probe (e huleloang sekaleng).
Ho phaella moo, boholo ba ntlha ea 140 nm bo nyane ka ho lekaneng ho qoba kotsi ea liphello leha e le life tse khomarelang tsa extrusion tse tlalehiloeng pele bakeng sa li-polymer brushes tse hlahisoang ke CP-AFM nanoindentation method69,71.Re nahana hore ka lebaka la sebopeho se khethehileng sa cone-spherical le boholo bo batlang bo le bonyenyane ba ntlha ena ea AFM (setšoan. 1), mofuta oa sekhahla sa matla se hlahisoang ke lehfilcon A CL nanoindentation e ke ke ea itšetleha ka lebelo la ho indentation kapa lebelo la ho laolla / ho laolla. .Ka hona, ha e amehe ke liphello tsa poroelastic.Ho leka khopolo-taba ena, lisampole tsa lehfilcon A CL li ne li kentsoe ka matla a phahameng ka ho fetesisa ho sebelisoa phuputso ea PFQNM-LC-A-CAL, empa ka lebelo le fapaneng, 'me ho ile ha sebelisoa li-curve tse matla le tse khutlisetsang morao ho rala matla (nN) karohano (µm) e bontšoa setšoantšong sa 5a.Ho hlakile hore li-curves tsa matla nakong ea ho kenya le ho laolla li kopana ka ho feletseng, 'me ha ho na bopaki bo hlakileng ba hore ho kuta ka matla ho zero indentation botebo ho eketseha ka lebelo la ho kenya setšoantšong, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore likarolo tsa borashe ka bomong li ne li khetholloa ntle le phello ea poroelastic.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphello tsa ho boloka mokelikeli (viscous extrusion le poroelasticity effects) li bonahala bakeng sa probe ea 45 µm bophara ba AFM ka lebelo le ts'oanang la ho indentation 'me e totobatsoa ke hysteresis pakeng tsa ho otlolla le ho khutlisa curves, joalokaha ho bontšoa ho Setšoantšo sa 5b.Liphetho tsena li tšehetsa khopolo-taba 'me li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-probe tsa 140 nm bophara ke khetho e ntle ea ho khetholla libaka tse bonolo joalo.
lehfilcon A CL indentation force curves e sebelisa ACM;(a) ho sebelisa probe e nang le bophara ba 140 nm ka litekanyetso tse peli tsa ho laela, ho bontša ho ba sieo ha phello ea poroelastic nakong ea ho indentation holimo;(b) ho sebelisa li-probe tse bophara ba 45 µm le 140 nm.s bontša liphello tsa viscous extrusion le poroelasticity bakeng sa lipatlisiso tse kholo ha li bapisoa le li-probes tse nyenyane.
Ho khetholla libaka tsa ultrasoft, mekhoa ea nanoindentation ea AFM e tlameha ho ba le probe e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ho ithuta thepa ea boitsebiso bo ithutoang.Ho phaella ho sebopeho sa ntlha le boholo, kutloisiso ea tsamaiso ea mochine oa AFM, kutloisiso ea ho kheloha ha ntlha sebakeng sa teko, le ho tiea ha cantilever ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumana ho nepahala le ho tšepahala ha nanoindentation.litekanyo.Bakeng sa sistimi ea rona ea AFM, moeli oa ho lemoha oa Position Sensitive Detector (PSD) o batla o le 0.5 mV mme o ipapisitse le sekhahla sa selemo se lekantsoeng pele le kutloisiso e baliloeng ea ho kheloha ha mokelikeli oa lipatlisiso tsa PFQNM-LC-A-CAL, tse tsamaellanang le kutloelo-bohloko ea maikutlo.e ka tlase ho 0.1 pN.Ka hona, mokhoa ona o lumella ho lekanya bonyane ba matla a ho indentation ≤ 0.1 pN ntle le karolo ea lerata la peripheral.Leha ho le joalo, ho batla ho sa khonehe hore tsamaiso ea AFM e fokotse lerata la peripheral ho ea boemong bona ka lebaka la lintlha tse kang ho sisinyeha ha mechine le matla a mokelikeli.Lintlha tsena li fokotsa kutloisiso e akaretsang ea mokhoa oa AFM nanoindentation hape o fella ka letšoao la lerata le ka morao la hoo e ka bang ≤ 10 pN.Bakeng sa sebopeho sa bokaholimo, lisampole tsa substrate tsa lehfilcon A CL le SiHy li ne li kentsoe tlas'a maemo a hydrated ka botlalo ho sebelisoa probe ea 140 nm bakeng sa sebopeho sa SEM, 'me li-curve tsa matla tse hlahisitsoeng li ile tsa phahamisoa lipakeng tsa matla (pN) le khatello.Morero oa karohano (µm) o bontšoa setšoantšong sa 6a.Ha ho bapisoa le SiHy base substrate, lehfilcon A CL force curve e bontša ka ho hlaka mohato oa phetoho o qalang sebakeng sa ho kopana le brush ea polymer e entsoeng ka fereko 'me e qetella ka phetoho e matla ea ho kopana le letsoapo la ho tšoaea ntlha le thepa e ka tlaase.Karolo ena e feto-fetohang ea sekhahla sa matla e totobatsa boitšoaro ba 'nete ba boreleli ba polymer brushed holim'a metsi, joalokaha ho pakoa ke mokoloko oa khatello e haufi-ufi le mokoloko oa tsitsipano le phapang ea thepa ea mochine pakeng tsa sebopeho sa borashe le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa SiHy.Ha ho bapisoa lefilcon.Karohano ea bolelele ba bolelele ba brashi ea polymer ea branched setšoantšong sa STEM sa PCS (setšoantšo sa 3a) le mothinya oa eona oa matla hammoho le abscissa setšoantšong sa 3a.6a e bontša hore mokhoa ona o khona ho lemoha ntlha le polymer ea branched e fihlang holimo holimo.Ho kopana lipakeng tsa meaho ea borashe.Ho feta moo, ho kopana ha li-curve tsa matla ho bontša hore ha ho na phello ea ho boloka metsi.Tabeng ena, ho hang ha ho na ho khomarela pakeng tsa nale le bokaholimo ba sampuli.Likarolo tse ka holimo-limo tsa li-curve tsa matla bakeng sa lisampole tse peli lia fetana, tse bontšang ho tšoana ha thepa ea mochine ea thepa ea substrate.
(a) AFM nanoindentation force curves bakeng sa li-substrates tsa lehfilcon A CL le li-substrates tsa SiHy, (b) li qobella li-curve tse bontšang khakanyo ea ntlha ea ho kopana ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa mokokotlo oa lerata.
E le hore u ithute lintlha tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa sekhahla sa matla, sekhahla sa tsitsipano sa lehfilcon A CL se hlophisitsoe hape setšoantšong sa 6b ka matla a mangata a 50 pN hammoho le y-axis.Kerafo ena e fana ka lintlha tsa bohlokoa mabapi le lerata la bokamorao.Lerata le ka har'a ± 10 pN, e sebelisetsoang ho fumana ka nepo sebaka sa ho ikopanya le ho bala botebo ba ho indentation.Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe libukeng, ho tsebahatsa libaka tsa ho ikopanya ho bohlokoa ho lekola ka nepo thepa ea thepa joalo ka modulus85.Mokhoa o kenyelletsang ts'ebetso ea othomathike ea data ea curve e bonts'itse ho lekana ho ntlafetseng lipakeng tsa ho lekana ha data le litekanyo tsa bongata bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse bonolo86.Mosebetsing ona, khetho ea rona ea lintlha tsa puisano e batla e le bonolo ebile e na le sepheo, empa e na le mefokolo ea eona.Mokhoa oa rona o hlokolosi oa ho fumana sebaka seo re ka kopanang le sona se ka fella ka litekanyetso tse fetelletseng tsa modulus bakeng sa botebo bo bonyenyane ba indentation (<100 nm).Tšebeliso ea "touchpoint" e thehiloeng ho algorithm le ts'ebetso ea data e ikemetseng e ka ba tsoelo-pele ea mosebetsi ona nakong e tlang ho ntlafatsa mokhoa oa rona.Ka hona, bakeng sa lerata le ka hare la mokokotlo ka tatellano ea ± 10 pN, re hlalosa sebaka sa ho kopana e le ntlha ea pele ea data ho x-axis ho Setšoantšo sa 6b se nang le boleng ba ≥10 pN.Joale, ho ea ka moeli oa lerata oa 10 pN, mola o otlolohileng boemong ba ~ 0.27 µm o tšoaea ntlha ea ho kopana le bokaholimo, ka mor'a moo lekhalo le otlolohileng le tsoela pele ho fihlela substrate e kopana le botebo ba ~ 270 nm.Hoa thahasellisa hore, ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba likarolo tsa brushed polymer brushed (300-400 nm) tse lekantsoeng ka mokhoa oa ho nka litšoantšo, botebo ba ho indentation ba CL lehfilcon A sampole e hlokometsoeng ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa mokokotlo oa lerata o ka bang 270 nm, e haufi haholo le tekanyo ea tekanyo e nang le STEM.Liphetho tsena li tsoela pele ho tiisa ho tsamaellana le ho sebetsa ha sebopeho le boholo ba ntlha ea lipatlisiso tsa AFM bakeng sa ho kenyeletsoa ha sebopeho sena sa borashe sa polima sa makala se bonolo haholo ebile se otlolohile haholo.Lintlha tsena li boetse li fana ka bopaki bo matla ba ho ts'ehetsa mokhoa oa rona oa ho sebelisa lerata le ka morao joalo ka moeli oa ho supa libaka tsa ho ikopanya.Ka hona, liphetho leha e le life tsa palo tse fumanoang ho tsoa ho mohlala oa lipalo le ho qobella curve fitting li lokela ho nepahala.
Litekanyo tse ngata ka mekhoa ea nanoindentation ea AFM li itšetlehile ka ho feletseng ho mekhoa ea lipalo e sebelisoang bakeng sa khetho ea data le tlhahlobo e latelang.Ka hona, ke habohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tsohle tse amanang le khetho ea indenter, thepa ea thepa le mechine ea ho sebelisana ha bona pele u khetha mohlala o itseng.Tabeng ena, ntlha ea geometry e ne e khetholloa ka hloko ho sebelisa li-micrographs tsa SEM (setšoan. 1), 'me ho itšetlehile ka liphello, 140 nm bophara ba AFM nanoindenting probe e nang le cone e thata le spherical tip geometry ke khetho e ntle bakeng sa ho khetholla mehlala ea lehfilcon A CL79. .Ntho e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa e lokelang ho hlahlobisisoa ka hloko ke elasticity ea thepa ea polymer e ntseng e lekoa.Le hoja lintlha tsa pele tsa nanoindentation (Litšoantšo tsa 5a le 6a) li hlalosa ka ho hlaka likarolo tsa ho kopana ha tsitsipano le li-curve tsa compression, ke hore, ho hlaphoheloa ka ho feletseng ha thepa, ke habohlokoa haholo ho tiisa hore ho na le rekere ea tlhaho ea mabitso. .Ho fihlela sena, li-indent tse peli tse latellanang li ile tsa etsoa sebakeng se le seng holim'a lehfilcon A CL sampole ka sekhahla sa 1 µm/s tlas'a maemo a hydration a felletseng.Lintlha tse hlahisoang ke matla a curve li bontšoa ho feiga.7 'me, joalo ka ha ho lebeletsoe, katoloso le likhatello tsa likhatiso tsa likhatiso tse peli li batla li ts'oana, li totobatsa boleng bo phahameng ba sebopeho sa brashi ea polymer ea branched.
Li-curve tse peli tsa indentation sebakeng se le seng holim'a lehfilcon A CL li bonts'a elasticity e loketseng ea bokaholimo ba lense.
Ho ipapisitsoe le tlhaiso-leseling e fumanoeng ho tsoa ho SEM le litšoantšo tsa STEM tsa ntlha ea probe le lehfilcon A CL surface, ka ho latellana, mohlala oa cone-sphere ke pontšo e utloahalang ea lipalo ea tšebelisano pakeng tsa ntlha ea lipatlisiso tsa AFM le thepa e bonolo ea polymer e ntseng e lekoa.Ho feta moo, bakeng sa mofuta ona oa cone-sphere, menahano ea mantlha mabapi le thepa e otlolohileng ea thepa e hatisitsoeng e tšoarella bakeng sa thepa ena e ncha ea biomimetic mme e sebelisetsoa ho lekanya modulus ea elastic.
Ka mor'a tlhahlobo e pharaletseng ea mokhoa oa AFM nanoindentation le likarolo tsa eona, ho kenyelletsa le thepa ea probe ea indentation (sebopeho, boholo, le ho tiea ha selemo), kutloisiso (lerata la mokokotlo le khakanyo ea ntlha ea ho kopana), le mehlala e loketseng data (litekanyo tsa modulus tse ngata), mokhoa ona e ne e le sebedisoa.hlahisa lisampole tse fumanehang khoebong tsa ultra-soft ho netefatsa liphetho tsa bongata.Hydrogel ea khoebo ea polyacrylamide (PAAM) e nang le modulus elastic ea 1 kPa e ile ea lekoa tlas'a maemo a hydrated ho sebelisoa probe ea 140 nm.Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea mojule le lipalo li fanoe ho Boitsebiso ba Tlatsetso.Liphetho li bontšitse hore modulus e tloaelehileng e lekantsoeng e ne e le 0.92 kPa, 'me %RSD le peresente (%) kheloha ho tloha modulus e tsejoang e ne e le ka tlase ho 10%.Liphetho tsena li tiisa ho nepahala le ho ikatisa ha mokhoa oa AFM nanoindentation o sebelisitsoeng mosebetsing ona ho lekanya moduli ea lisebelisoa tsa ultrasoft.Libaka tsa li-sampuli tsa lehfilcon A CL le SiHy base substrate li ile tsa boela tsa khetholloa ka mokhoa o tšoanang oa AFM nanoindentation ho ithuta mokhoa o bonahalang oa ho kopana oa sefahleho sa ultrasoft e le mosebetsi oa botebo ba ho indentation.Li-curve tsa karohano tsa matla li ile tsa hlahisoa bakeng sa mehlala e meraro ea mofuta o mong le o mong (n = 3; indentation e le 'ngoe ka mohlala) ka matla a 300 pN, lebelo la 1 µm / s, le metsi a feletseng.Mokokotlo oa ho arolelana matla o ne o lekanyelitsoe ho sebelisoa mohlala oa cone-sphere.Ho fumana modulus ho ipapisitse le botebo ba indentation, karolo e bophara ba 40 nm ea mokoloko oa matla e ile ea beoa ho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea 20 nm ho tloha moo ho kopanang teng, le litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa modulus mohatong o mong le o mong oa mokoloko oa matla.Spin Cy et al.Mokhoa o ts'oanang o se o sebelisitsoe ho khetholla modulus gradient ea poly(lauryl methacrylate) (P12MA) borashe ba polymer e sebelisang colloidal AFM probe nanoindentation, 'me e lumellana le data e sebelisang mofuta oa ho ikopanya le Hertz.Mokhoa ona o fana ka moralo oa "contact contact modulus" (kPa) khahlano le botebo ba ho indentation (nm), joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe ho Setšoantšo sa 8, se bonts'ang modulus / botebo bo tebileng.Modulus e lekantsoeng ea elastic ea CL lehfilcon A sampuli e boemong ba 2-3 kPa ka har'a 100 nm e ka holimo ea sampuli, ho feta moo e qalang ho eketseha ka botebo.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha ho lekoa SiHy base substrate ntle le filimi e kang brush holim'a metsi, botebo bo boholo ba ho indentation bo fihletsoeng ka matla a 300 pN bo ka tlaase ho 50 nm, 'me boleng ba modulus bo fumanoang ho data bo ka bang 400 kPa. , e ka bapisoang le boleng ba modulus ea Young bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse ngata.
Ho totobetseng ho kopana modulus (kPa) khahlanong le botebo ba ho indentation (nm) bakeng sa li-substrates tsa lehfilcon A CL le SiHy tse sebelisang mokhoa oa AFM nanoindentation ka cone-sphere geometry ho lekanya modulus.
Bokaholimo bo holimo ba sebopeho sa brashi sa "biomimetic branched polymer" se bonts'a modulus e tlase haholo ea elasticity (2-3 kPa).Sena se tla tsamaisana le pheletso ea mahala e leketlileng ea borashe ea fereko ea polymer joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe setšoantšong sa STEM.Leha ho na le bopaki bo bong ba modulus gradient pheletsong e kantle ea CL, substrate ea mantlha e phahameng ea modulus e na le tšusumetso e kholo.Leha ho le joalo, karolo e ka holimo ea 100 nm ea bokaholimo e ka har'a 20% ea bolelele bohle ba brashi ea polymer e nang le branched, kahoo hoa utloahala ho nahana hore litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa modulus sebakeng sena sa botebo ba indentation li nepahetse ebile ha li matla haholo. itshetlehile ka phello ya ntho e ka tlase.
Ka lebaka la moralo o ikhethang oa biomimetic oa lehfilcon A contact lenses, e nang le branched PMPC polymer brush structures e hlomathiselelitsoeng holim'a li-substrates tsa SiHy, ho thata haholo ho tsebahatsa ka mokhoa o ts'eptjoang thepa ea mechine ea mehaho ea bona e ka holimo ho sebelisa mekhoa ea khale ea ho lekanya.Mona re hlahisa mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa AFM nanoindentation bakeng sa ho khetholla ka nepo lisebelisoa tse bonojoana tse kang lefilcon A e nang le metsi a mangata le elasticity e phahameng haholo.Mokhoa ona o ipapisitse le ts'ebeliso ea probe ea AFM eo boholo ba ntlha ea eona le geometry e khethiloeng ka hloko ho tsamaisana le litekanyo tsa sebopeho sa likarolo tsa bokaholimo bo bonojoana bo tla hatisoa.Motsoako ona oa litekanyo lipakeng tsa probe le sebopeho o fana ka kutlo e ntseng e eketseha, e re lumellang ho lekanya modulus e tlase le thepa ea tlhaho ea rekere ea likarolo tsa brashi ea polymer, ho sa tsotelehe litlamorao tsa poroelastic.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore borashe ba polima ea polymer ea branched PMPC sebopeho sa bokaholimo ba lense bo na le modulus e tlase haholo (ho fihla ho 2 kPa) le elasticity e phahameng haholo (hoo e ka bang 100%) ha e lekoa sebakeng se nang le metsi.Liphello tsa AFM nanoindentation li boetse li re lumella ho khetholla mokhoa o bonahalang oa ho kopana le modulus / botebo bo tebileng (30 kPa / 200 nm) ea lense ea biomimetic.E ka 'na ea e-ba ka lebaka la phapang ea modulus pakeng tsa borashe ba polymer ea branched le substrate ea SiHy, kapa sebopeho sa makala / boima ba li-brushes tsa polymer, kapa motsoako oa eona.Leha ho le joalo, liphuputso tse ling tse tebileng lia hlokahala ho utloisisa ka botlalo kamano pakeng tsa sebopeho le thepa, haholo-holo phello ea brashi branching ho thepa ea mochine.Litekanyo tse ts'oanang li ka thusa ho khetholla thepa ea mochini ea bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa tse ling tse bonolo le lisebelisoa tsa bongaka.
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